非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词形式,主要包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(包括现在分词doing和过去分词done)。它们在句子中可以充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等,但不能作为谓语使用。
不定式(to do)
作主语:例如:To learn a new language is difficult.
作宾语:例如:I like to read books.
作表语:例如:Her goal is to become a doctor.
作定语:例如:The take-off was smooth.
作状语:例如:She came to the party just to say hello.
动名词(doing)
作主语:例如:Reading is my favorite hobby.
作宾语:例如:I enjoy listening to music.
作表语:例如:What he said was very interesting.
作定语:例如:The running water in the river is clean.
作状语:例如:Walking down the street, I bumped into an old friend.
分词(doing和done)
现在分词(doing):
作定语:例如:The crying baby woke up the whole house.
作状语:例如:Looking at the sky, she sighed with relief.
作补语:例如:They found the door locked.
过去分词(done):
作定语:例如:The broken glass cut his hand.
作状语:例如:Having finished his homework, he went out to play.
作补语:例如:They saw him go out.
非谓语动词具有动词的一些特征,如时态、语态的变化,但又不受主语人称和数的限制。在使用非谓语动词时,需要注意其与谓语动词的相同点与不同点,以确保句子的语法正确和意思清晰。