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什么是非谓语动词及其用法?

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词形式,主要包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(包括现在分词doing和过去分词done)。它们在句子中可以充当多种成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等,但不能作为谓语使用。

不定式(to do)

作主语:例如:To learn a new language is difficult.

作宾语:例如:I like to read books.

作表语:例如:Her goal is to become a doctor.

作定语:例如:The take-off was smooth.

作状语:例如:She came to the party just to say hello.

动名词(doing)

作主语:例如:Reading is my favorite hobby.

作宾语:例如:I enjoy listening to music.

作表语:例如:What he said was very interesting.

作定语:例如:The running water in the river is clean.

作状语:例如:Walking down the street, I bumped into an old friend.

分词(doing和done)

现在分词(doing)

作定语:例如:The crying baby woke up the whole house.

作状语:例如:Looking at the sky, she sighed with relief.

作补语:例如:They found the door locked.

过去分词(done)

作定语:例如:The broken glass cut his hand.

作状语:例如:Having finished his homework, he went out to play.

作补语:例如:They saw him go out.

非谓语动词具有动词的一些特征,如时态、语态的变化,但又不受主语人称和数的限制。在使用非谓语动词时,需要注意其与谓语动词的相同点与不同点,以确保句子的语法正确和意思清晰。

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