非谓语动词包括以下七种形式及其用法:
不定式 (to do)
基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)
被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)
进行式:to be doing(表示主动和进行)
完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)
完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)
完成进行式:to have been doing(表示主动和完成进行)
动名词 (doing)
基本形式:doing(表示主动)
被动式:being done(表示被动)
完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)
完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)
现在分词 (v-ing)
基本形式:doing(表示主动)
被动式:being done(表示被动)
完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)
完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)
过去分词 (v-ed)
基本形式:done(表示被动)
这些非谓语动词形式在句子中可以充当不同的成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。在选择非谓语动词形式时,需要考虑动作的时间、主被动关系以及句子的结构。
用法示例:
不定式
作主语:To learn English well is important.
作宾语:She decided to call her parents after work.
作表语:His hobby is collecting stamps.
作定语:The take-off was smooth.
作状语:I came to the party just to say hello.
动名词
作主语:Reading books broadens our horizons.
作宾语:She enjoys playing football.
作表语:His favorite pastime is hiking.
作定语:The running water in the river is clean.
作状语:Walking down the street, I bumped into an old friend.
现在分词
作主语:Walking in the park is my favorite hobby.
作宾语:I saw him go out.
作表语:The sky is clear and blue.
作定语:The crying baby is my nephew.
作状语:Looking at the sky, she sighed with relief.
过去分词
作主语:The broken glass cut his hand.
作宾语:I saw him go out.
作表语:The door was locked.
作定语:The painted wall is beautiful.
作状语:Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
通过以上示例,可以看出非谓语动词在句子中的用法非常灵活,可以根据句子的需要选择合适的形式。