莎士比亚十四行诗的韵律结构遵循特定的规则,其特点如下:
结构划分
分为三个四行诗组(quatrain)和一个两行对句(couplet)。
第一部分由三个四行诗组成,第二部分由一个两行对句组成。
韵律模式
每行通常有十个音节。
遵循抑扬五步格(iambic pentameter),即每行包含五个音步,每个音步由一个非重读音节后跟一个重读音节组成。
韵脚排列
韵式为 `ABAB CDCD EFEF GG`。
这意味着每行的韵脚按照这个模式交替排列,形成紧凑的韵律效果。
例如,在莎士比亚的十四行诗第18首中,这个韵律模式得到完美体现:
```
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;
But thy eternal beauty shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this and this gives life to thee.
```
这首诗的韵律结构是 `ABAB CDCD EFEF GG`,其中每个诗行的末尾两个音节遵循这个韵脚模式。
希望这能帮助你理解莎士比亚十四行诗的韵律